Efficacy and Safety of Mecapegfilgrastim for Prophylaxis of Neutropenia During Chemotherapy for Malignant Tumors: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic thiopefilgrastim for the clinical treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to study 456 patients admitted to Jiading District Central Hospital from December 2018 to June 2022 who had malignant tumors and used either mecapegfilgrastim or recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to treat chemotherapy-induced bone myelosuppression. The enrolled patients were divided according to the use of white blood cell-enhancing drugs into a mecapegfilgrastim group (experimental group) and an rhG-CSF group (control group). We collected and recorded patient information and analyzed the results. Results A total of 266 patients were enrolled in the experimental group, and 190 patients were enrolled in the control group. The two groups were significantly different in terms of treatment effect, the occurrence of bone marrow suppression and febrile neutropenia, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Conclusion The preventative use of thiopefilgrastim can reduce the incidence of neutropenia caused by tumor chemotherapy, and it is more effective and safer than rhG-CSF. Trial Registration: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective analysis and was not registered as a clinical trial.