Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Adults Aged 80 Years and Older in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Depression is a common and important health problem in the geriatric population. Delayed diagnosis of depression in older adults can lead to functional decline, reduced quality of life, and increased morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and identify its predictors among individuals aged ≥ 80 years receiving primary care services. Methods A total of 370 community-dwelling adults aged 80 years and older were included. Sociodemographic data and medical history were collected through face-to-face structured interviews. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, while a standardized sociodemographic and clinical information form was used to record health-related data. Results The prevalence of depression was 35.7%. Depression was significantly more common in participants with sleep disorders, memory impairment, urinary incontinence, and hearing problems (p < 0.001). Additionally, depression was significantly associated with a history of falls and visual impairment (p = 0.001). Individuals with diabetes had significantly higher rates of depression compared with those without diabetes (p = 0.008). Conclusion Sleep disturbances, memory impairment, urinary incontinence, history of falls, hearing and visual problems, and polypharmacy emerged as significant predictors of geriatric depression. The coexistence of multiple chronic diseases and extensive medication use complicates the clinical presentation and increases the risk of depression. Given the atypical symptom profile in very old adults, systematic screening using validated assessment tools is essential for early detection and management.