Exploration of the impact of MHD and porous vertical channel on heat and Mass transfer of natural convective fluid flow in the presence of heat source/sink

The present study investigates heat transfer characteristics in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and porous vertical channel under natural convection with the inclusion of a heat source/sink. The governing nonlinear equations for momentum, energy, and mass transfer were solved numerically to assess the effects of key dimensionless parameters. Results indicate that increasing the magnetic parameter and permeability parameter reverses the fluid velocity due to the combined influence of Lorentz force and porous resistance. Nonlinear thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption parameters enhance heat transfer efficiency and raise temperature profiles. Moreover, greater thermal and solutal Grashof numbers intensify natural convection, improving heat and mass transfer rates. Increases in the reaction rate parameter and Schmidt number induce reverse flow, while higher stretching parameters promote momentum development. The findings provide valuable insights into coupled MHD and porous effects in convective transport systems.