Exploring Frontline Nurses' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Multiple-Case Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for frontline nurses, who faced increased workloads, emotional strain, patient mortality, and shifting policies. This study explores nurses’ resilience, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and support systems after returning to work following COVID-19 infection. Methods: A qualitative multiple-case study was conducted at an Inner-City Safety Net Hospital in New York State. Ninety registered nurses completed a pre-survey, and 39 volunteered for one-on-one interviews. Nine nurses were randomly selected for interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Three major themes emerged: Resilience & Self-Efficacy, Coping & Mental Health, and Work Support. Nurses demonstrated adaptability, emotional and physical strain, reliance on faith and peer support, and a strong commitment to patient care. Teamwork, organizational communication, and evolving hospital policies served as significant support factors. Conclusions: Despite profound challenges, nurses showed exceptional resilience and dedication. Organizational support systems, teamwork, and mental health resources are essential to sustaining nurses’ well-being in future crises. Trial registration: Not applicable.