Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Yemen: Clinical, Hematological, and Molecular Characteristics at Diagnosis

Background Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm defined by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Data from resource-limited regions like Yemen remain scarce. This study characterizes CML in a large Yemeni cohort. Methods A retrospective study of 175 CML patients diagnosed between August 2015 and August 2022 at Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital, Sana’a. Data included demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters. Diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR for BCR-ABL1. Results Median age at diagnosis was 43.4 years, significantly younger than Western populations. Male predominance was observed (58.3%, M:F = 1.4:1). At presentation, 98.3% had leukocytosis, 77.1% anemia, and 90.3% splenomegaly. Thrombocytosis occurred in 42.3%. All patients were in chronic phase. BCR-ABL1 was detected in 94.3%. Conclusion CML in Yemen presents at younger ages with distinct hematological features, highlighting the need for region-specific diagnostic and management strategies. Molecular testing is crucial for accurate diagnosis.