The Impact of Climate variability on Household Food Security in Sub- Saharan Africa

This study investigates the impact of climate variability on household food security in Sub-Saharan Africa, emphasizing the interplay between climatic shocks and socio-economic as well as demographic factors. Using household-level panel data from the World Bank, the regression results reveal that exposure to climate shocks increases the likelihood of food insecurity by 20.6% (odds ratio = 1.206, p < 0.01). Literacy among household heads and participation in non-farm enterprises significantly reduce vulnerability, whereas larger household sizes heighten the risk of food insecurity. Other determinants, including gender, age, asset ownership, and access to agricultural extension services, show mixed effects. The findings underscore that while climate shocks remain a primary driver of food insecurity, their influence is mediated by household-level characteristics. The study recommends policy interventions that promote climate-smart agricultural practices, education, livelihood diversification, and social protection to enhance household resilience and ensure sustainable food security across the region.