Spatial Distribution and Environmental Implications of Waste Collection Points in Calabar South, Nigeria

The management of solid waste presents a significant challenge in the context of rapid urbanization within developing countries. This research evaluates the geographical distribution and environmental consequences associated with waste collection points located in Calabar South, Nigeria. Utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework, the study mapped and analyzed the sites of these waste collection points employing Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA). Findings reveal a notably clustered arrangement of waste collection points (Nearest Neighbor Ratio < 1), particularly concentrated in the central and northern regions of the area. Such clustering has resulted in a considerable number of residential structures situated within a 50-meter buffer zone around these points, thereby establishing potential hotspots for public health risks, such as vector-borne diseases and exposure to hazardous pollutants. The research concludes that the existing waste management infrastructure is inadequately designed and proposes the strategic repositioning of collection points along with the enforcement of regulatory buffer zones to reduce environmental and health-related risks.