Surgical Site Infection and Associated Factors Among Cesarean Delivery in Selected Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Providing Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Surgical site infection is the most common complication following surgery. Recent study was conducted at selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa and reported surgical site infection rate was 15%. Although, no study was conducted at health centers. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infection following cesarean delivery at comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care health centers in Addis Ababa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 29, 2024 at 5 randomly selected comprehensive emergency obstetric and new born care health centers in Addis Ababa. Data was extracted from the 215 randomly selected medical records of mothers. Statistical Package for Social Science software version 25 used for data analysis and finally, the result was then displayed using texts, tables and various graphs. Result Among 210 medical records of mothers who delivered by cesarean section, 24 (11.4%) of them developed surgical site infection following cesarean delivery (95%CI: (7.5%, 16.5%)). Hypertension (AOR = 6.848, 95% CI: (1.145, 40.945, P-value = 0.035), prolonged labor (AOR = 13.065, 95%CI; (2.185, 78.117, p-value = 0.002) and hemoglobin level of ≤ 11mg/dl (AOR = 7.158, 95% CI: (2.012, 25.463, p-value = 0.002) were factors significantly determine surgical site infection following cesarean delivery. Conclusion Pre-existing or pregnancy induced Hypertension, prolonged labor and pre-operative hemoglobin level were significantly associated with surgical site infection following cesarean delivery. To lower the magnitude of surgical site infection in certain populations, clinical preventions and interventions are necessary.