Plant-Based Fabrication of Zinc oxide and Copper Nanoparticles Using Shorea robusta Resin: Dual Evaluation of Safety and Antimicrobial Efficacy

In this study, a green, sustainable, and cost-effective approach was employed for the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles using Shorea robusta resin extract as a natural agent for reducing, capping, and stabilizing. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles utilizing S. robusta resin is being reported for the first time. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). The phyto-synthesized nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity, particularly against Pseudomonas stutzeri (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus . Additionally, both ZnO and Cu nanoparticles demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, highlighting their potential for pharmacological and therapeutic applications.