Evaluating Cultivation and Conservation Strategies for Medicinal Plants in Home Gardens: Menz Keya Gebreal District, North Shoa, Ethiopia

Background This study, conducted from August to December 2021, aimed to evaluate the cultivation and conservation strategies for medicinal plants in home gardens in the Men Keya Gebreal District, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods Data were collected from 118 informants using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, market surveys, and guided field walks. Analytical methods included direct matrix ranking, paired comparison, and priority ranking. Results The survey identified 50 beneficial plant species, with 18 species (36%) categorized as common, 21 species (42%) of medium occurrence, and 11 species (22%) as rare. The community sourced 30 species (60%) from home gardens, 18 species (36%) from the wild, and 2 species (4%) from semi-wild areas. The Lamiaceae family contributed 5 species, Fabaceae 4 species, and Asteraceae also 4 species. Among these, 38% were shrubs, 30% trees, 30% herbs, and 2% climbers. Solanum tuberosum was the most preferred food species, while Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata was the most versatile. Of the 50 species, 23 (46%) were edible, and 27 (54%) non-edible. Traditional medicine utilized 27 species, spices included 10 species, and soil fertility conservation involved 12 species. Conclusion The main challenges identified were monoculture practices, small garden sizes, poor soil conditions, and manpower shortages. Recommended measures to address these issues include rainwater storage using geo-membranes, natural fertilizer application (compost), and reducing monoculture practices.