Workplace Mindfulness Scale: A Non-Western Adaptation

Objective This study extends workplace mindfulness to a non-Western context where business competition heightens its relevance for psychological well-being. The Workplace Mindfulness Scale (Zheng et al., 2023) was adapted to Turkish, and its validity and reliability were tested in a sample of Turkish employees, addressing occupational conditions in Turkey and providing a reliable tool to assess workplace mindfulness among employees. Method A two-stage design was used. First, linguistic equivalence was established with 65 bilingual academics through translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert review, and pretesting following cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. Second, the finalized Turkish WMS was administered online to 350 employees from public and private organizations across diverse departments. Analyses were conducted in SPSS and JASP (lavaan). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the original three-factor, 18-item structure using DWLS estimation given non-normality. Reliability was assessed via Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω; item–total correlations were inspected to evaluate internal consistency. Results Linguistic equivalence was supported: a strong positive correlation between English and Turkish forms (r = .97, p < .01) and no significant mean differences on a dependent-samples t-test. CFA indicated good model fit for the three-factor structure (attention, awareness and acceptance). Internal consistency was acceptable to good across factors with total α = .849 and item–total correlations generally in the .35–.71 range. Overall, the Turkish scale demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability as a measure of workplace mindfulness among Turkish employees. Conclusion The instrument can be applied to studies on job motivation, well-being, performance, and mindfulness in professional contexts.