Research on the Stability and Dynamic Characteristics of Ultra-High-Level Collapse Dangerous Rock Mass — A Case Study of the Dajialin Temple Collapse

There is a 620-meter vertical elevation differential in the extraordinarily high-elevation unstable rock pile that formed around the back of Dagaling Monastery.It is a serious threat to the security of the monastery below because of its tremendous impact energy, wide affected range, and potent disaster chain potential. Due to the combined effects of weathered voids at its base, overhanging unloading, and joint development, the unstable rock mass in the studied region displays a toppling collapse pattern. In order to comprehensively examine the distribution of rock masses and their movement characteristics, orthographic projection analysis was used to establish the direction of the collapse. Field surveys and UAV aerial mapping were also used as supplements. Then, using LPF3D software, three-dimensional kinematic simulations were performed. According to the results, both seismic and gravitational forces combined to cause the unstable rock mass to collapse. With a maximum velocity of 43.4 m/s and a maximum kinetic energy of 2037 kJ, the velocity of falling rocks and impact kinetic energy showed a trend of initial increase followed by reduction. The final accumulation zone of fallen rocks was next to the temple structures, posing a serious risk. The simulation results are consistent with actual collapse features, demonstrating the efficacy and dependability of combining UAV remote sensing with 3D simulation to anticipate ultra-high-altitude collapses. This provides critical scientific support for geological hazard prevention and management in high mountainous areas.