Development and Evaluation of a Pneumatic Device for Upper Limb Improvement in Patients With Neurological Impairment

Background Neurological disorders such as Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident – CVA), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) present increasing challenges to functional rehabilitation. Objective This study aimed to design and develop an active pneumatic device integrated into a wheelchair to assist elbow movement in patients with neurological dysfunctions. Method The system consisted of mechanical, electronic, and control modules, incorporating electromyographic (EMG) signal detection to activate the pneumatic actuator automatically. Ten participants (five with stroke and five with TBI) underwent rehabilitation sessions for four to six weeks, with measurements of grip strength, range of motion, and spasticity. Results Results showed an average strength increase of 28.1% in the stroke group and 12.5% in the TBI group. A positive correlation (r = 0.74) was found between the number of sessions and strength gain, indicating that treatment intensity enhances motor recovery. The mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 85 points confirmed the device’s high usability and comfort. Conclusion It is concluded that the developed pneumatic system is functional, safe, and effective, representing a promising technological alternative for home and clinical rehabilitation.