Geospatial and Temporal Trends in Neonatal Mortality: Savannah Region, Ghana, 2020-2024

Introduction Despite progress in reducing child mortality globally, neonatal mortality remains a concern in Ghana, where preventable causes and regional disparities persist. Some regions experience rates twice as high as others, highlighting the need for targeted research and region-specific interventions. This study addresses the knowledge gap in the Savannah Region by examining 5-year geospatial and temporal trends in neonatal mortality (2020-2024), providing evidence to inform policy and programming. Methods This study used a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional design, analysing 2020-2024 data on neonatal deaths in the Savannah Region from the DHIMS 2 database. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel version 19, with results presented as frequencies, percentages, tables, graphs, and maps. Results The overall neonatal mortality rate was 3.5 per 1,000 live births (288/83,126), with a notable 35.7% increase from 2.8 per 1,000 live births in 2020 to 3.8 per 1,000 live births in 2024. Early neonatal deaths accounted for 94.0% of all neonatal deaths. The Central Gonja District had the highest proportion of neonatal deaths, contributing 22.6% (65/288) of the total. Conclusion The neonatal mortality rate in the Savannah Region increased from 2.8 to 3.8 per 1,000 live births, driven by early neonatal deaths. Targeted interventions in early neonatal care and improved antepartum, intrapartum, and postnatal care, along with equipped neonatal intensive care units in district hospitals, are crucial to reducing mortality rates.