The Applicability of Different Water Quality Evaluation Methods in the Phreatic Environment of Industrial Agglomeration Areas in the Bohai Bay
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Industrial agglomeration areas easily suffer from soil and water pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants, threatening human health and ecological security. The Bohai Bay region, with overlapping and conflicting economic-ecological functions, necessitates phreatic groundwater quality evaluation. This study focused on the phreatic environment of a Bohai Bay-adjacent industrial agglomeration area. Based on 29 groundwater samples (8-16 m depth, 2023), eight indicators (arsenic, mercury, lead, manganese, copper, nickel, vanadium, petroleum substances) were analyzed via four methods: single-factor evaluation, comprehensive pollution index, Nemerow index, and entropy-weight improved comprehensive pollution index.Results showed lead and vanadium had strong spatial variability, others moderate. Significant correlations existed (e.g., As-Hg negative, Hg-V positive). Water quality rankings (good to poor) were: West Port > Central Port > Industrial Buffer Zone > South Port> South Port Industrial Zone. The single-factor method was over-conservative, comprehensive pollution index over-lenient. Nemerow and entropy-weight methods had similar Class I/V proportions, but Nemerow better highlighted severely polluted indicators (higher Class III/IV proportions). The entropy-weight method, supported by weights, was more consistent with actual local water quality.
