Association Between Sleep Quality and Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To investigate the impact of sleep status on the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Methods: A total of 227 inpatients who underwent coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiology were enrolled. General clinical data, comorbidities, and laboratory results were collected. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with a score >5 defining sleep disturbance. Participants were categorized based on Gensini scores into: no stenosis (0 points), mild stenosis (1–30 points), moderate stenosis (31–60 points), and severe stenosis (>60 points) groups. Clinical characteristics and sleep parameters were compared among groups, and the influence of sleep status on stenosis severity was analyzed. Results: Sleep disturbance (PSQI score), body mass index (BMI), age, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were identified as independent influencing factors for the severity of coronary artery stenosis (P < 0.05), with odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.156 (1.058–1.265), 1.123 (1.017–1.241), 1.031 (1.010–1.053), and 1.074 (1.027–1.122), respectively. Significant differences were observed in the global PSQI scores and its subdomain scores across the stenosis groups (P < 0.05), showing a progressive increase from the no stenosis to the severe stenosis group. Regarding sleep quality grading, the proportion of patients with good sleep quality was highest in the no stenosis group (90.5%), and significantly higher in the mild stenosis group (69.1%) than in the moderate (34.4%) and severe (31.1%) groups. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the global PSQI score (β = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.973–3.088, P < 0.001), age (β = 0.364, 95% CI: 0.045–0.683, P < 0.05), and CRP level (β = 0.977, 95% CI: 0.363–1.59, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with the Gensini score. Furthermore, in a model adjusted for all seven PSQI subdomain scores, the sleep quality subscore was independently and positively associated with the Gensini score (β = 18.234, P < 0.001), indicating that poorer subjective sleep quality is linked to more severe coronary stenosis. Conclusion: Sleep status is closely associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions. Poorer sleep quality correlates with a higher degree of coronary stenosis (as reflected by a higher Gensini score) and an increased likelihood of significant stenosis. Poor sleep quality may serve as a significant predictor for the severity of coronary artery stenosis.