Effectiveness of Multimedia Applications and Microteaching Training in Enhancing Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Elementary School Teachers: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background Oral health education in primary schools is a crucial component of public health promotion. Teachers play a pivotal role in shaping children’s oral hygiene behaviors. However, limited knowledge, inappropriate brushing practices, and insufficient pedagogical approaches among teachers often reduce the effectiveness of oral health programs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of multimedia applications and microteaching training in improving oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among elementary school teachers using a mixed-methods approach. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods design was employed involving 16 elementary school teachers in Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, who participated in a structured training program combining multimedia-based education and microteaching practice over six months in 2024. Quantitative data were collected using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions (FGDs) and analyzed thematically to explore cognitive, affective, and implementation aspects. Results: Significant improvements were observed in knowledge (pre: 6.38 ± 0.96; post: 7.38 ± 0.96), attitude (pre: 7.00 ± 0.89; post: 8.00 ± 0.89), and practice (pre: 6.50 ± 0.89; post: 7.50 ± 0.89) (all p < 0.001). Qualitative findings indicated enhanced cognitive understanding of proper toothbrushing techniques, increased teacher–student engagement, and improved student comfort during dental check-ups. Challenges included limited water supply, inadequate washbasin facilities, and difficulty understanding questionnaires. Recommendations included involving physical education teachers, simplifying questionnaires, extending programs to all grade levels, and direct dentist involvement. Conclusion: Multimedia-supported microteaching significantly enhances oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among teachers. Integrating such approaches into school health programs may improve oral hygiene promotion among students and foster sustainable oral health behaviors.