Mapping the Brain’s Response to ASMR: A Systematic Review and Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

Background : Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a sensory-emotional phenomenon characterized by tingling sensations and a deep sense of relaxation in response to specific auditory and visual stimuli. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have suggested the engagement of reward, emotion, and sensory processing networks in ASMR experiences, yet the neural underpinnings remain inconsistently defined due to methodological heterogeneity and reliance on self-report measures. Objective : This study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize current evidence on brain activation and emotional modulation associated with ASMR, using functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and psychological assessments. Methods : Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases identified 18 eligible studies across 11 countries. Data were extracted on study design, stimuli, neuroimaging outcomes, and mood measures. Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was performed on MNI-transformed fMRI coordinates using GingerALE software. Results : ASMR stimuli consistently activated regions implicated in reward (nucleus accumbens), emotional regulation (medial prefrontal cortex, insula), and sensory processing (inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus). EEG studies revealed increased alpha and theta oscillations associated with relaxation and reduced stress. A single significant ALE cluster was identified in the left parietal lobe (Brodmann areas 2 and 40). Engagement with ASMR stimuli also resulted in mood improvement, reduced physiological arousal, and enhanced sleep and emotional stability. Conclusion : This meta-analysis highlights reproducible neural signatures of ASMR and supports its potential as a non-invasive modality for emotional regulation and stress reduction. Future research should adopt standardized stimuli and controlled designs to refine ASMR’s therapeutic applications.