Regional Analysis of Annual Maximum Rainfall: A Bibliometric Analysis

As climate variability increases, understanding the patterns of annual maximum rainfall becomes vital for addressing challenges in flood prevention, water resource management, and enhancing climate resilience. Heavy rainfall often leads to landslides, floods, and damage to infrastructure, with the most significant effects on vulnerable communities and disruptions to economic activities. These events can worsen existing inequalities and place additional pressure on local economies, making it crucial to assess and predict such severe occurrences at the regional level. This proactive strategy helps mitigate negative impacts and develop adaptive strategies to address future climate uncertainties. The review compiles data from different geographic areas, offering a comprehensive understanding of rainfall patterns across various climates. It explores the methods used to analyze maximum rainfall, with a focus on statistical models, GIS, and climate simulations that combine historical rainfall data with projections of future climate conditions. For example, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enable spatial analysis of rainfall data, providing deeper insights into how geographical features influence precipitation patterns. Additionally, climate simulations assist in forecasting future rainfall patterns based on different greenhouse gas emission scenarios.