Aetiology and pattern of 122 patients with mandibular condylar fracture

Objective This research sought to examine the aetiology and pattern of Mandibular Condylar Fractures (MCF). Methods Data on patients who had MCF from 2018 to 2020 were documented, including fracture aetiology, site, kind, fracture line angle, and concomitant injuries. The data were further analysed with the chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA. Results This research included 122 patients (94 men and 28 females), yielding a male-to-female ratio of 3.35:1 and an average age of 30.7 years. Road traffic accidents was the predominant cause of fractures, accounting for 75.4%. Of the 153 fractures, 75 (49.01%) were categorised as subcondylar fractures, 69 (45.09%) as condylar neck fractures, and 9 (5.9%) as condylar head fractures. Among several forms of MCF, MacLennan class III was the most frequent (n = 56, 36.6%), whereas MacLennan class I was the least common type of fracture (n = 13, 8.5%). Moreover, symphysis and maxillary fractures were more prevalent in individuals with bilateral condylar fractures compared to those with unilateral condylar fractures (p = 0.017 and p = 0.035, respectively). On the other hand, individuals who had unilateral condylar fractures were more likely to have mandibular body fractures than those who had bilateral condylar fractures (p = 0.015). In cases where the condylar neck and sub-condylar fractures were present, the average angle of the fracture line with the posterior border of the ramus was 120.85 11.14 degrees. Conclusion A motor traffic collision was the predominant aetiology of MCF. The findings indicated a substantial correlation between the severity of condylar fractures and the concomitant injuries. Clinical Trial Number: IR.SUMS.DENTAL.REC.1399.120