Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Information Among Adolescents With Hearing Disabilities in Rwanda

Background Adolescents, defined as individuals aged 10–19 years, are a primary focus of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs. However, adolescents with disabilities, particularly those with hearing impairments, face heightened challenges due to societal discrimination and an increased risk of sexual abuse. A common misconception persists that persons with disabilities are asexual or do not require sexuality education. As a result, many are denied access to crucial SRH information, which increases their vulnerability to SRH-related issues, including unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While Rwanda has integrated SRH services into its healthcare system, little is known about the accessibility of these services for adolescents with hearing disabilities. There is a critical gap in research on this population’s access to SRH information and services. Objectives This study aimed to examine the factors influencing access to sexual and reproductive health information among adolescents with hearing disabilities in Rwanda. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed, using a census strategy to recruit all eligible participants. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to adolescent students with hearing disabilities. Communication was facilitated using sign language interpreters. Results All participants (100%) reported having access to some form of SRH information. The most common source of information was schoolteachers, followed by peers, with mass media being the least cited. Key facilitators of access included inclusive education settings and the availability of SRH services in health facilities. Identified barriers included the lack of sign language proficiency among healthcare providers, stigma and discrimination within the community, and exclusionary education practices. Conclusion and Recommendations: Adolescents with hearing disabilities need inclusive, gender-sensitive, and accessible SRH education to ensure equitable access to essential information. Community sensitization and advocacy are vital to addressing harmful societal attitudes and promoting inclusion. Furthermore, strengthening the accessibility of SRH services especially through the integration of sign language interpretation is essential to meeting the needs of this underserved population, regardless of age or educational background.