Physiological resilience of freshwater microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana under NaCl stress supplemented with sodium sulfate as a mitigating agent
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Microalgae show remarkable resistance to abiotic stresses such as salt. This work investigates the effects of sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the freshwater microalgal strain Chlorella sorokiniana with particular emphasis on physiological activities. The study is focused on to understand the molecular processes of C. sorokiniana in a controlled environment using NaCl and equimolar concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 . Certain biochemical assays were resulted C. sorokiniana , cultured with a salt mixture of 350 mM (NaCl + Na 2 SO 4 ), showed better growth than 350 mM NaCl. The ROS production was high in 350 mM NaCl, which is 1.71 and 1.95 times higher compared to the control and equimolar concentration of NaCl + Na 2 SO 4, respectively. The osmolyte level in 350 mM NaCl increased by 2.9 and 2.29-fold as compared to the control and equimolar concentration of NaCl + Na 2 SO 4 , respectively. Significant alterations in protein expression suggested that stress-response pathways have been activated. Furthermore, significant fluctuations in omolyte and antioxidant levels indicate the significant adaptation of microalga to salinity stress. These findings contribute to the optimization of microalgae farming by shedding light on the physiological and biochemical strategies of microalgae in saline environments and essential to comprehend in order to advance biotechnological applications that are sustainable.
