Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Oncology Follow-Up: Prevalence and the Role of Patient–Oncologist Communication

Introduction : Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most frequent and least addressed concerns among patients in oncological follow-up. Its impact on quality of life and emotional well-being has been widely documented, but its systematic evaluation and management in clinical practice remain insufficient. Objective : To assess the prevalence of FCR in a cohort of patients in oncological follow-up and to analyze its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Additionally, to explore the interaction between patients and oncologists regarding FCR, focusing on doctor–patient communication and support during consultations. Methods : Cross-sectional study using the Cancer Worry Scale and a structured questionnaire that inquired about doctor–patient dialogue, strategies provided, and desired support. A total of 153 patients in cancer follow-up were included, excluding those under active treatment. Bivariate analyses were performed according to age, educational level, sex, stage, tumor site, and time since diagnosis. Results : A total of 153 patients were included (median age 66 years, 53.6% women). According to the CWS, 26.1% showed high FCR, 29.4% moderate, and 44.4% low. High FCR was more frequent in younger patients, those with higher educational level, advanced stage, and shorter time since diagnosis (p < 0.05). Nearly half (48.4%) discussed FCR with their oncologist, and 15.7% did so in more than one consultation; among those who did not address it, the main reason was not considering it a problem (65.8%). High FCR was associated with lack of opportunity during consultation and with medical strategies perceived as not useful. Conclusions : FCR is frequent among patients in oncological follow-up and is more closely related to sociodemographic than clinical factors. Doctor–patient communication plays a central role in its management. These findings highlight the need for systematic evaluation and support strategies tailored to each patient’s profile, in order to provide more equitable and person-centered care.