The impact of traumatic exposure among Faroese women during pregnancy and after childbirth

Background: Previous research findings show a strong association between traumatic exposure and perinatal mental health, with a high comorbidity of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Objectives: To examine maternal mental health among Faroese pregnant women, in relation to the risk of developing depression during pregnancy or after childbirth. Furthermore, to investigate associations between music and singing activity and mental health outcomes. Method: Data were collected from 424 Faroese women during pregnancy (20-35 weeks of gestation) and 8-10 weeks after childbirth. Data included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). A questionnaire was developed to obtain information about demographics, previous pregnancy and birth experiences, sleep quality, previous traumatic exposures, expectations about parenthood, and music and singing activity in everyday life. Results: Previous traumatic exposures had an impact on the risk of developing depression, anxiety, and high levels of stress. A total of 18 % were at risk of developing depression during pregnancy and 11% were at risk postnatally. Additionally, 23% had anxiety during pregnancy and 14% postnatal. Risk factors related to age, living situation, social relations, worries, and fear of childbirth (FOC), mental illness, previous traumatic exposure, experiences of abuse, and stress level were identified. Participants who did not grow up with music and/or singing, were found to be significantly more at risk of stress. Conclusions: A considerable minority was screened positively for depression and anxiety. Therefore, obligatory screening is important; this should include previous trauma exposure. A team specialized within the perinatal period with psychological, psychotraumatological, and psychiatric knowledge is recommended, as well as trauma informed care among midwives and health visitors.