A Multidisciplinary Review of the Microbial, Functional, and Consumer Advancement of Indian Lassi

Indian Lassi , a traditional yogurt-based Indian fermented beverage, holds significant cultural, nutritional, and technological relevance. Originating from the Punjab region, Lassi integrates deep-rooted historical and spiritual values, demonstrating the mixture of ancient Ayurvedic practices and modern biotechnological advancements. This review examines Lassi's composition, highlighting its probiotic potential, nutrient profile, and health benefits, including improved gut health, immune function, and reduced risk of chronic diseases. The diverse variations of Lassi , from sweet and salty to spiced desi buttermilk, are explored, alongside their regional and global adaptations. Technological advancements, including precision fermentation and innovative preservation methods, are transforming Lassi production to meet rising consumer demand for functional, low-calorie, and sustainable foods. Despite its growing global presence, challenges in microbial stability, regulatory compliance, and cultural authenticity remain. This article underscores the need for further research to enhance Lassi's probiotic functionality and expand its acceptance in international markets, establishing it as a cornerstone in the global functional beverage industry.