The role of miRNA-17-3p, oxidative stress, and trace elements in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia Running title: miRNA-17-3p, Oxidative Stress, and Trace Elements in Preeclampsia

Introduction and Aims : Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder marked by hypertension and organ dysfunction, leading to maternal and fetal complications. Emerging evidence suggests miRNAs, as epigenetic regulators, play a critical role in PE pathogenesis. This study examines the relationship between miRNA-17-3p expression, oxidative stress markers, and trace element levels (zinc and copper) in PE patients. Methods : A case-control study included 140 pregnant women (70 with PE and 70 controls). Placental tissue and serum samples were analyzed for miRNA-17-3p expression, oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS)], and trace element levels. Statistical analyses explored associations among these variables. Results: miRNA-17-3p expression was significantly elevated in the placental tissue and serum of PE patients (P<0.001). Serum zinc levels significantly decreased, while copper levels increased in the patient group (P<0.05). SOD activity and TAC levels were reduced, whereas TOS was elevated in PE patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: miRNA-17-3p is significantly dysregulated in PE, accompanied by increased oxidative stress and disrupted trace element balance. These findings provide insights into potential mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets for managing PE.