Embedded Smart Elastomers in Rubber for Dynamic Load Estimation in Rolling Lobe Pneumatic Systems

Rolling lobe pneumatic systems are critical in automotive dynamic applications, ensuring load management and vibration damping for enhanced vehicle safety and comfort. This study investigates the development and performance of an embedded ionic liquid (IL)-based smart elastomer sensor for monitoring load distribution in a rubber component of pneumatic systems. The sensor, embedded into the rubber component, was designed to convert dynamic load variations into corresponding voltage signals, enabling the monitoring of system behavior. A fabrication process was developed to ensure seamless integration while maintaining sensor durability and flexibility under operational conditions. Experimental evaluations included tests across varying loading frequencies, displacements, and cycle numbers. Results demonstrated consistent and repeatable sensor responses at lower frequencies and moderate displacements. However, repeatability was affected at higher frequencies due to insufficient relaxation time for the elastomeric material between cycles. The findings highlight the potential of IL-based sensors for integration into dynamic systems, offering reliable load monitoring capabilities. This research provides a foundation for future work to improve sensor performance, explore multi-taxel configurations, and implement data-driven Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) strategies in automotive and industrial applications. By enhancing predictive maintenance and ensuring system reliability, sensor technology advances the field of smart elastomer applications in load monitoring.