Three-dimensional virtual planning in orbital surgery enhances the accuracy of positioning prediction

Background The anatomical structure of the orbit is highly complex, with significant inter-individual variability, posing considerable challenges for surgical procedures. We utilized computer-assisted surgery (CAS) by importing CT scan data, constructing three-dimensional (3D) models, and optimizing surgical planning. Based on these models, we performed removal of intraorbital foreign bodies and orbital tumors. This study aims to evaluate the utility of virtual surgical planning (VSP) in preoperative assistance, with a particular focus on its effects on surgical predictability and accuracy. Methods Patients who underwent orbital surgery by a surgeon from July 2021 to April 2023 were included. Preoperative 3D modeling was performed using Mimics Medical 21.0 software to assist in the localization and surgical planning of intraorbital foreign bodies and orbital tumors. Results Of the 7 orbital surgeries that were performed with computer-aided technologies, 3 (43%) were performed to remove orbital foreign bodies and 4 (57%) were performed to remove orbital tumors. For all the operations, the application of preoperative CAS enhanced surgical efficiency and safety, leading to favorable outcomes. The use of CAS in preoperative planning for complex orbital surgeries significantly improved intraoperative precision and provided clinically relevant postoperative assessment. The accurate evaluation of tumor and foreign body location, as well as their relationship with surrounding soft tissues, made preoperative planning a crucial reference for intraoperative procedures. Conclusion CAS—particularly the preoperative phases of advanced diagnosis and VSP—offers substantial clinical benefits in managing orbital lesions, enhancing safety and accuracy without the need for costly intraoperative navigation.