Excess heat in water electrolysis by Pd electrodes explanation via Hydrogen atom below Bohr radius rather than cold fusion

The energy crisis holds a large area of attention in scientific research; the production of a high amount of energy based on a small one is also promising, especially cold fusion. One of the most important problems unsolved in physics is explaining the source of excess heat in water electrolysis with palladium (Pd) electrodes, while the hypothesis of cold fusion is not realistic since many experiments fail to detect the nuclear byproducts such as neutrinos and neutrons. This hypothesis is discussed upon the structural investigation of palladium hydride and the small separation of hydrogen ions. The recently published theoretical solution of the hydrogen atom below the Bohr radius (which was founded based on the modified Schrödinger equation) opens a new expectation of discussing this problem. The deionization of hydrogen ions in PdH interstitial positions as a compressed hydrogen atom, which does radiant extreme ultraviolet (EUV) transition to atomic hydrogen later, can be realistic rather than a fusion of hydrogen ions upon two reasons: the possibility of cold fusion and too close hydrogen ions breaking the coulomb potential at this low temperature is a theoretical expectation unconfirmed in any trial, and the amount of excess heat is smaller than it is attributed to this nuclear reaction. A quantitative numerical study of the thermal heat expected based on electrical current loss, cold fusion, and compressed hydrogen atoms is also achieved to confirm the reason for excess heat.