Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Microbes and Remediation of Dyes

This study explores the eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Bacillus subtilis AVK-21 isolated from water samples, focusing on their characterization and application in photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red dye. Using biomolecules as stabilising and reducing agents, silver nitrate was reduced by microbes to create the AgNPs. The crystalline face-centered cubic structure, spherical shape, and nanoscale size (average of 271.3 nm) of the nanoparticles were validated by thorough characterisation utilising UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, DLS, zeta potential, SEM, TEM, and EDS. Due to surface plasmon resonance and the reactive oxygen species production, the AgNPs demonstrated strong photocatalytic activity, breaking down 67.01% of Congo Red in the presence of sunlight and 37.80% in the presence of ultraviolet light. The work emphasises the need for more research on scalability and toxicological effects while highlighting the promise of microbially synthesised AgNPs for sustainable environmental remediation, namely in treating dye-polluted effluents.