Effects of surgical, percutaneous or medical treatments for coronary artery disease on renal function: long-term outcome. Cardiorenal-trial

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment strategies—coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or optimized medical therapy (OMT)—have well-established cardiovascular outcomes, but their long-term renal effects remain underexplored. Renal dysfunction is a key prognostic factor in CAD, yet patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often underrepresented in major trials. Objectives To evaluate the long-term impact of surgical, percutaneous, and medical treatment strategies for stable multivessel CAD on renal function, with emphasis on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes and incidence of renal dysfunction. Methods This retrospective single-center cohort study analyzed data from the MASS registry, including patients with stable multivessel CAD, preserved left ventricular function, and baseline/annual serum creatinine measurements over ≥ 5 years. Eligible patients underwent OMT, CABG, or PCI (drug-eluting or bare-metal stents). Primary outcome was change in eGFR over time. Secondary outcomes included new-onset CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), progression to advanced CKD (< 30 mL/min/1.73 m²), need for renal replacement therapy, and mortality. Linear mixed-effects models assessed eGFR changes; time-to-event analyses (Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression) evaluated secondary outcomes. Results The cohort comprised over 1,700 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Longitudinal follow-up allowed for robust assessment of renal trajectories across treatment groups. Analyses will determine whether treatment modality independently predicts renal decline, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and baseline eGFR. Conclusions This study addresses a major evidence gap by positioning renal function as a primary outcome in CAD management. Findings may inform more integrated decision-making for patients with concurrent cardiovascular and renal risk, supporting individualized therapy selection beyond traditional cardiovascular endpoints.