Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth Obturated with Different Bioceramic and Resin-Based Sealers: An In vitro Single-Visit Apexification Study

Aim Immature teeth with incomplete root development present significant endodontic challenges due to their wide apical foramina and thin dentinal walls. These structural limitations compromise obturation quality and long-term prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth following single-visit apexification with different bioceramic (calcium silicate) and resin-based sealers. Materials and methods One hundred and eight bovine teeth were decoronated and prepared to simulate immature roots. The samples were randomly allocated into groups and obturated with various root canal sealers, including mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based, calcium silicate-based, and resin-based sealers. Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). However, specimens obturated with bioceramic sealers demonstrated numerically higher mean fracture resistance values compared to resin-based sealers. Conclusions Within the limitations of this in vitro study, bioceramic sealers may provide more favorable reinforcement of immature roots compared to resin-based sealers. These findings could guide clinicians in material selection for apexification procedures.