Application of CO₂ Fracturing Blasting in Mountain Tunnel Construction Adjacent to Existing Structures

As a novel rock-breaking technique, CO₂ fracturing blasting demonstrates distinct advantages in mountain tunnel construction adjacent to existing structures, characterized by minimal environmental disturbance and enhanced operational safety. However, under the premise of predefined safety protection objectives, research on the control of CO₂ fracturing energy release remains notably limited. This study investigates the phase-transition pressurization mechanism and process characteristics of CO₂ fracturing blasting. The energy released by a CO₂ fracturing device generating a peak pressure of 280 MPa was calculated quantitatively. Subsequently, a comprehensive safety verification methodology for CO₂ fracturing energyis proposed. Furthermore, an integrated quality control system encompassing parameter optimization, unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring, and vibration surveillance was developed and established. This system was successfully implemented in practical engineering applications, demonstrating promising potential for broader adoption in similar projects.