Genome-wide identification, expression profiles and phylogenetic analysis of Trihelix transcription factor family genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under abiotic stresses
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Background Trihelix transcription factor family genes are known as GT factors, which play vital roles in growth and development process, response to various abiotic stresses in plants. Studies on trihelix gene in several eudicots and monocots have been thoroughly performed, but trihelix family gene in sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.), one of the major sugar crops in the world, has not yet been systematic studied. Results We identified 37 non-redundant B. vulgaris trihelix (BvGT) genes named from BvGT1 to BvGT37 in present study and classified them into six clades (SIP1, GTγ, GT1, GT2, GT3 and SH4) by maximum-likelihood phylogeny (IQ-TREE2, 1000 ultrafast bootstraps). The BvGT genes harbour 1–17 exons and ten conserved motifs; motif 1 (core trihelix domain) is present in all members. Chromosomal mapping showed an uneven distribution across eight chromosomes; chromosome 3 lacks any BvGT gene. Only one segmental duplication pair (BvGT30/BvGT37) was detected. Promoter cis-element profiling revealed abundant light-, hormone- and stress-responsive motifs. Expression analysis by qRT-PCR (three biological replicates × three technical replicates) demonstrated tissue- and stress-specific transcription patterns. BvGT10, BvGT23 and BvGT34 were the most highly expressed genes in root, stem and leaf, respectively. Under salt, alkali and osmotic stresses, BvGT4 and BvGT10 showed consistent up-regulation in roots. Conclusions This study identified 37 BvGT genes in sugar beet and further analyzed their evolution and expression pattern. Segmental duplication and purifying selection have shaped the expansion of the trihelix family in sugar beet. The identified stress-responsive BvGT genes provide a theoretical basis for function investigation of BvGT genes and present stress-resistant and high yield candidate genes for molecular breeding toward enhanced abiotic-stress tolerance.
