Cerebrospinal Fluid β2-Microglobulin as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Central Nervous System Lymphoma: a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
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This retrospective cohort study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β2-microglobulin (β2-M) in 1,349 patients hospitalized between January 2018 and August 2024. Patients were categorized into lymphoma, leukemia, solid tumor, and other disease cohorts, with additional stratification by central nervous system (CNS) involvement. CSF β2-M concentrations were markedly elevated in CNS lymphoma (CNSL) relative to all comparator groups (p < 0.001). A cutoff value of 1.85 mg/L discriminated CNSL from non-CNS-involved lymphoma with high diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.939), yielding 89.7% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Longitudinal assessment further demonstrated that dynamic CSF β2-M trajectories correlated with therapeutic response and relapse risk ( p = 0.009 for complete remission; p = 0.006 for relapse), underscoring its utility as a monitoring biomarker. Collectively, these findings establish CSF β2-microglobulin as a reliable, accessible, and cost-effective biomarker for both diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in CNSL.
