Management of penetrating abdominal injuries during the Sudan arm-conflict: descriptive cohort study

Background Penetrating abdominal injuries have become a global health issue. In Sudan, their occurrence has risen due to the armed conflict that began in April 2023, impacting the healthcare system in the capital city. This study aimed to assess the management challenges and outcomes of penetrating abdominal injuries at Wad Medani Teaching Hospital during the armed conflict. Methods A retrospective, hospital-based cohort study conducted from April to October 2024 included all patients presenting with penetrating abdominal injuries related to the Sudan arm conflict. Data on demographics, injury mechanisms, clinical outcomes, surgical interventions, and complications were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 29. Results The study included 74 patients with a mean age of 27.81 years, and a male majority of 69 (93.2%). Gunshot wounds were the most common injury type (71.6%), followed by stab wounds (18.9%), explosion-related injuries (6.8%), and penetrating injuries (2.7%). Laparotomy was the primary surgical intervention needed in 98.6% of cases. Blood transfusions were necessary for 93.2% of patients, and 43.2% required ICU admission. Postoperative complications included peritonitis (27.0%) and hemorrhage (25.7%). The mortality rate was 13.5%, and 74.3% of patients achieved full recovery. Challenges in providing care involved limited surgical resources (41.9%) and a lack of medical supplies (28.4%). Conclusion Penetrating abdominal injuries are common in conflict-related trauma. The youngest age group in their twenties has better outcomes. Surgical intervention is a valid option in war settings. Limited resource capacity increases the risk of complications.