Highly Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from An Aqueous Solution Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Membranes Modified by Graphene Oxide Nano particles/Polyvinyl Alcohol (GONs/PVA)

This research fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes through application of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating using dip-coating technique followed by glutaraldehyde-mediated cross-linking. Glutaraldehyde (GA) served as cross-linking reagent, enhancing membrane coating's thermal alongside chemical durability. GONPs integration within the coating increased membrane hydrophilicity plus dye separation capabilities throughout filtration processes. Membrane contact angles reduced from 85° down to 55°. GO nanoparticle layers deposited onto PVDF membranes reduced fouling phenomena relative to unmodified PVDF surfaces. PVDF/GONPs (0.5wt%) membrane fouling resistance exhibited superior flux recovery values (84.2%) versus unmodified PVDF (39.3%). Modified membrane effectiveness treating cationic dye-methylene blue (MB) pollutant underwent systematic assessment through varying GONPs concentrations. Findings revealed MB ⁺ dye elimination rates rose from 45.3% using uncoated PVDF membranes reaching 91.8% employing GONPs-coated PVDF membranes. MB ⁺ dye elimination rapidly escalated within initial 60-minute exposure period because GO-nanoparticles possess excellent electrical properties, functional surface groups, plus considerable surface area during initial processing stages. This investigation offers an effective approach toward improving polymeric membranes, providing a practical plus expandable method addressing cationic MB elimination within wastewater remediation systems.