Optimal Scheduling of Intergroup Pumping of PV Complementary Wells Based on Improved NSGA-III Algorithm

In the mid-to-late production stage of oil and gas fields, wells suffering from insufficient fluid supply experience a significant increase in energy consumption due to frequent start-stop operations. Under the dual-carbon strategy, PV-grid complementary power supply faces a critical contradiction between the volatility of photovoltaic generation and the dynamic mismatch with intermittent pumping schedules. How to effectively couple the unstable power supply characteristics of PV-grid energy with the stable production requirements of oil wells is a key challenge for optimizing intermittent pumping scheduling under PV-grid complementarity. Therefore, this study proposes an intermittent pumping optimization framework based on PV-grid coordinated power supply. By integrating a spatiotemporal attention-based forecasting module to accurately capture photovoltaic fluctuations and considering production constraints at both the supply and demand sides, a two-stage robust optimization scheduling model with pre-scheduling and dynamic adjustment is established. The model is solved using an improved NSGA-III algorithm to generate coordinated PV-grid well group intermittent pumping strategies, enabling efficient collaborative operation and cost optimization of oil well production systems under PV-grid complementarity. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the original intermittent pumping regime, the proposed approach reduces costs by 35.18%, achieves a PV power utilization rate of 78.34%, and realizes an electricity saving rate of 33.91%. Hence, the integrated “forecast-optimization” model presented in this paper holds significant implications for the integrated development of oil and gas and new energy sources.