Effect of Pre-ICU Video-based Teaching on Patients and Families undergoing Craniotomy: a Quasi-Experimental study

Background This study examined the effect of video-based teaching (VBT) program for the patients and families undergoing craniotomy on their pain, anxiety and nursing service satisfaction. Methods A non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized pre- and post-test design was used. A total of 120 participants with 60 pairs of patients and their family were recruited. After the data collection from the control group was completed, pre-test and VBT were offered to the intervention group the day before surgery and post-test was conducted before discharge from ICU. Numerical rating scale (NRS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) were used. Results The frequency of pain complaints (t=-8.88, p < 0.001), NRS score (t=-8.79, p < 0.001), and the number of additional analgesic administration (t=-10.64, p < 0.001) were lower in the intervention group than in the control group. This is thought to be attributable to the more use of PCA in the intervention group (χ²=16.48, p < 0.001). State anxiety score in the intervention group was decreased from pre-test to post-test (t = 7.67, p < 0.001) and the score at the post-test was even lower than in the control group (t=-5.14, p < 0.001). State anxiety score of family in the intervention group was also reduced at the post-test (t = 7.31, p < 0.001) and the score at the post-test was even lower than in the control group (t=-6.39, p < 0.001). Satisfaction with nursing service reported by family in the intervention group was improved after the VBT program (t=-8.41, p < 0.001), and was higher than one in the control group (t = 6.92, p < 0.001). Conclusions The VBT program was found to be effective to decrease anxiety and pain of patients and to increase nursing service satisfaction their families. The VBT program might be a strategy to reduce anxiety and pain of patients admitted to the ICU after brain surgery and in reducing anxiety and improving nursing service satisfaction of their families.