Factors Affecting Successful BIM Implementation from a Developing Country’s Perspective

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a transformative paradigm in the global Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector, yet its adoption in developing nations like Bangladesh remains nascent. Therefore, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical factors, benefits, and challenges of shaping BIM implementation from the perspective of a developing country, Bangladesh. By employing a mixed-methods approach, integrating findings from a survey of 268 AECO stakeholders (students, educators, and professionals) with a 4D simulation case study of a multi-story commercial building. The survey reveals a critical gap between awareness and competency; while 77.2% of respondents are familiar with BIM, only 34.4% have received professional training. An exploratory factor analysis confirmed four predefined sections, classified and identified 32 crucial factors. Then, a Relative Importance Index (RII) identified university-industry collaborations for BIM programs and government support and enforcement as the most critical drivers for adoption. Other vital factors indicated acknowledgment of BIM’s efficiency, inadequate industry knowledge, a lack of promotion, seminars, and the establishment of training courses. An independent samples t-test exposed a substantial perceptual gap between the optimistic expectations of students and the pragmatic views of professionals. The 4D simulation case study validated BIM's practical benefits, demonstrating a 13.5% reduction in project completion time and revealing a strong potential for substantial cost savings through the early detection of 355 design clashes. This study contributes a robust, empirically supported roadmap for policymakers and industry leaders by offering specific, actionable recommendations to accelerate BIM adoption to enhance construction sector productivity.