Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis of Bone Marrow Supernatant in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Using Astral-based DIA and LC-MS/MS

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by malignant potential and complex pathobiological mechanisms. While specific gene mutations (SF3B1, TET2, ASXL1, TP53) contribute significantly to MDS, disease progression depends equally on malignant clones and the bone marrow microenvironment. We employed integrated Astral-DIA technology with LC-MS/MS to characterize protein and metabolic alterations in this microenvironment, enabling dynamic pathological analysis at functional and phenotypic levels. Comparative analysis of bone marrow supernatant from 28 MDS patients and 10 healthy controls identified pronounced proteomic imbalances, disrupted amino acid and energy metabolism pathways, and diagnostic biomarkers (L-Aspartate, L-Arginine, L-Tryptophan, GSR, APOA1) with strong discriminatory power for early-stage disease (AUC>0.9).