Refractive Errors and their Effect on Academic Performance: A Public Health Perspective in University Students

Background Refractive errors such as myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism are common vision issues that can lead to blurred vision and affect quality of life and academic performance. At the University of Medical Science and Technology (UMST), these vision problems might influence students' educational outcomes. This study examines the prevalence and impact of refractive errors on academic performance among UMST students, aiming to highlight the need for early detection and intervention. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study involving 308 UMST students used a selfstructured online questionnaire and convenient sampling. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to explore associations between refractive errors and academic performance. Ethical approval was obtained, and confidentiality was ensured. Results Of 308 participants, most were female, aged 21 to 23, in their fifth academic year, and from the medical faculty. Myopia was the most common refractive error (32%), and 36% had no refractive errors. Annual eye check-ups were reported by 31.8%, with 56.5% wearing glasses. About 44.2% rated their academic performance as good, and 20.1% sought support due to refractive errors. Common issues included difficulty seeing the board (35%) and headaches (25%). Significant associations were found between refractive errors and academic performance (p-values < 0.05). Conclusion The study highlights a high prevalence of refractive errors, particularly myopia, among UMST students. Many did not perceive their visual impairments as affecting their academic performance, though issues such as difficulty seeing the board and headaches were common. Despite regular eye exams and corrective lens use, visual discomfort was widespread, emphasizing the need for continued eye care and academic support to improve student outcomes.