Experimental Study on the Effect of Wellbore Strengthening Materials on Drilling Fluid Losses

Drilling fluid loss means uncontrolled flow of drilling fluid into the formation or severe invasion of the base fluid into it. Usually, drilling mud can penetrate the porous media and cause problems such as kick, blowout, pipe stuck, loss of a large volume of drilling mud, and formation damage. Fluid loss may occur due to the differential pressure between the mud and the formation, leading to plugging of the formation pores. This reduces the permeability of the wellbore area and increases the fracturing risk. The drilling mud loss can cause various chemical reactions and form sediment, causing well issues. This study investigates the use of conventional materials and nanotechnology to prevent fluid loss, alongside a comprehensive review of lost circulation materials (LCMs) in both conventional and advanced forms. Among LCMs, those with fiber structures show better loss control and suitability as squeezed pills, with Kwik Seal outperforming both in pressure tolerance and bridge strength. New technological materials such as LPM-FBC and LCM-BRM, decrease the rate of cumulative loss and reduce fluid losses by up to 35%. Surprisingly, higher pressures not only prevent negative impacts but also contribute to further reducing the loss rate. Also, they create a thin filter cake that effectively inhibits shale by withstanding 500 psi pressure at 250°F with minimal invasion. For partial and moderate loss control, LCM-BRM is effective, while for severe lost circulation, LCM-FBG stands out. Altogether, this study provides precious insights and practical recommendations on using wellbore strengthening material to control mud loss in formations, enhancing drilling efficiency and cost-effectiveness.