Dynamics of Migration Intentions among Final-Year Students in Selected Federal Universities in Nigeria

The limited investment in education by the Nigerian government, coupled with scarce job opportunities and worsening economic conditions, has left many undergraduates struggling to complete their studies. As a result, final-year students increasingly consider migration ("Japa") as a pathway to better career prospects and financial stability. This study investigates the intensity of migration intentions, contributing factors, and preferred destinations among Nigerian final-year students. A concurrent mixed-methods design employed FGDs with 30 participants and structured questionnaires administered to 389 students. Qualitative data were also analyzed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA; quantitative data were processed with descriptive statistics in SPSS. The findings indicate that 93.6% of respondents intend to migrate, citing economic challenges, career opportunities, intellectual aspirations, and diaspora links. Dissatisfaction with the quality of education and a perceived lack of return on skills in Nigeria further fuel intentions; safety concerns and a competitive job market amplify these inclinations. Many respondents reported preparatory steps, but financial barriers, especially securing proof of funds, remain a major hindrance to migration. A minority prefer to remain in Nigeria, reflecting personal choice in migration decisions. The study concludes migration is perceived as a viable strategy to escape hardship and secure opportunities, but visa restrictions and personal commitments constrain actual mobility. These findings underscore the need for policymakers and institutions to address root causes and create conditions that encourage talent retention in Nigeria.