Biochar-immobilized Fungal Consortia for Enhanced Soil Bioremediation

Excessive pesticide use in agriculture has led to significant soil degradation, highlighting the need for effective bioremediation strategies. This study investigates the potential of a fungal consortium—including Clonostachys rosea CCMIBA_R018, Purpureocillium lilacinum CCMIBA_R014, and Bjerkandera sp. CCMIBA_R111—as a bioinoculant for soil restoration. The research optimized growth conditions and evaluated the fungi’s ability to degrade atrazine, a common pesticide. The consortium showed increased biomass when cultivated with biochar. Despite each fungus showing individual ligninolytic potential, significant lignin peroxidase activity was observed when combined, suggesting synergistic effects. After confirming joint immobilization, the consortium’s atrazine degradation capacity was assessed in soil microcosms. The results revealed a 34% reduction in the atrazine concentration in sterilized soil and a substantial 66% reduction in non-sterilized soil. Additionally, significant changes were observed in soil parameters, notably increased phosphorus and sulfur levels, contributing to improved soil fertility. The fungal consortium combined with biochar presents an innovative bioremediation approach with the potential to enhance both soil health and productivity. This strategy is particularly novel, as most bioinoculants do not directly address pollutant degradation.