Psychiatric Correlates of Recurrent Shoulder Dislocations: The Role of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Impulsivity, and Depression

Purpose One of the most common reasons for shoulder instability is recurrent shoulder instability. Arthroscopic repair is an option in the surgical treatment of Bankart lesions, and it is indicated if certain criteria are met. Psychiatric factors may affect the etiology of some diseases. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between psychiatric parameters and recurrent dislocations in patients treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair. Methods A total of 72 patients were included in the study, including 42 patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart surgery due to recurrent shoulder dislocation (RSD) and 30 demographically matched healthy volunteers. The evaluated functional data included parameters such as the Beighton joint laxity score, constant shoulder score and Rowe score for instability. Psychiatric parameters such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the Baratt impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were also evaluated. Results The mean Constant shoulder score was 86.07 ± 12.07, and the mean Rowe instability score was 81.26 ± 18.23. The following psychiatric parameters were significantly greater in the patient group than in the control group: ADHD (p < 0.001), BIS-11 (p < 0.001) and DASS-21 (p = 0.040). Conclusion RSD patients were found to have significantly higher postoperative ADHD, BIS-11 and DASS-21 scores. Existing ADHD and impulsivity may suggest a potential association predisposing to RSD. Higher DASS-21 scores in patients are associated with depression. Psychiatric evaluation may be an important action to provide and maintain satisfactory outcomes for RSD patients who are treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair and avoid further recurrence.