The Malone antegrade continence enema for treating adult constipation and fecal incontinence: a systematic review of the literature
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Purpose
The Malone antegrade continence enema (MACE) offers a minimally invasive and potentially reversible option for managing chronic constipation and fecal incontinence (FI). This systematic review evaluates its efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes in adults.
Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases up to April 2025 to identify studies on MACE in adults. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients continuing MACE at follow-up (treatment success); failure was defined as conversion to definitive colostomy.
Results
Seventeen studies with 404 patients were included. Study quality was rated moderate to good. The most common indications were neurological disorders (25.8%), prior surgeries (16.8%), idiopathic constipation (14.2%), and traumatic spinal injuries (11.6%). Techniques included terminal ileal loop (37.9%), percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy (26.0%), and appendicostomy (24.8%). Minor stoma-related complications were most frequent (39.1%), followed by fecal leakage (16.2%) and stoma stenosis (11.3%). Median follow-up was 28.5 months. At final follow-up, 75.1% of patients continued using MACE, while 9.8% required colostomy. Satisfactory outcomes were reported by 60%–83% of patients, with improvements in symptoms and quality of life.
Conclusions
MACE is a safe and effective option for adults with refractory constipation or FI, especially in those aiming to avoid a permanent colostomy.
