Awareness and Perceptions of One Health among Undergraduate Students at Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

Background The One Health (OH) concept highlights the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. Despite its global importance, little is known about OH awareness among Nigerian undergraduates. This study assessed the knowledge and perceptions of OH among students at Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Nigeria. Methods An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students at OAU using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire (Google Forms). Data collected included socio-demographics, awareness and perceptions of OH programs. Descriptive statistics summarised responses, and chi-square tests assessed associations between knowledge levels and socio-demographic variables at p < 0.05. Results A total of 180 students participated (52.2% female, 47.2% male; mean age 22.6 ± 2.9 years). Awareness of OH was limited: only 72 students (40.0%) had heard of it, and 41 (22.8%) could provide a correct definition. Social media (n = 64, 35.6%) and peer discussions (n = 49, 27.2%) were the primary sources of information. Knowledge levels were significantly associated with academic level (χ² = 5.60, p = 0.018) and field of study (χ² = 6.89, p = 0.009) but not with gender (p = 0.743) or age (p = 0.183). Conclusion This institutional study reveals low awareness and understanding of OH among OAU undergraduates, with knowledge varying by level and field of study. While limited to a university and a relatively small convenience sample, the findings provide a baseline for future multi-institutional and stratified surveys. Integrating OH into curricula, strengthening student-led initiatives, and leveraging digital media may improve OH literacy among Nigerian university students.