Understanding Healthcare Workers Job Satisfaction Through Maslow’s Hierarchy: A Qualitative Study in India

In a demanding profession like health care services, the stress and pressure of work is an inherent part of the profession. Understanding the key concerns related to job satisfaction is crucial creating a congenial work environment for the health care workers and plays a vital role in standards of patient care and reduce attrition. This study sought to investigate the determinants of job satisfaction among different categories of health care workers i.e., doctors, nurses, technicians, physiotherapists, and administrators based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a model to understand their experiences. Method: A qualitative research was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital in a state in India. Seven independent focus group discussions (FGDs) were held, each involving members who were of the same professional category. The FGDs included - two for doctors, two for nurses, and one each for technicians, physiotherapists, and administrators. A total of 50 healthcare professionals took part in the seven FGDs. A thematic approach consistent with Braun and Clarke's approach was adopted in recording, transcribing, and analyzing the discussions. Participants' words naturally led to themes to emerge, but attention was also paid to how their experiences mapped onto Maslow's theory. To ensure an assurance of the accuracy and reliability of the study findings, checking back procedures were carried out by some participants. Outcomes : The dominant themes that emerged from Focus group discussions are: Resource Limitations and Workload, Economic and Job Security, Support and Workplace Relationships, Recognition and Value, Growth Opportunities, etc. While all the groups reported identical problems, there were particular problems faced by certain cadres which were distinctly different. Conclusion : Briefly, there are numerous unmet needs that medical professionals must navigate, ranging from basic needs such as equitable compensation and adequate staffing to more complicated issues of perceived value and opportunities for professional growth. It is crucial to address both the material and emotional components of their workplace in order to enhance overall job satisfaction.