Joint full waveform inversion and source localization of virtual and actual passive source seismic data

Full waveform inversion (FWI) using passive seismic data offers potential advantages in obtaining deep subsurface structural information. However, its application depends on a reliable background model and accurate source locations. Here, we introduce a joint inversion framework that uses virtual and actual passive seismic data to achieve velocity modeling and source localization. This method first retrieves the broadband virtual reflection responses at the surface by seismic interferometry. Then, the virtual responses are used as the basis for multiscale FWI to recover the subsurface velocity structures without knowing the actual passive source locations. Finally, using the inversion result as the initial model, reverse-time wavefield scanning and FWI are alternately performed based on actual passive source data to simultaneously invert for source locations and velocity information, and compensate for deep illumination. Numerical examples show that the proposed method can robustly recover the subsurface velocity structures using only passive seismic data, even when the initial model is rough, while accurately locating passive seismic events.